Wildlife and Conservation Efforts in Africa Essay

The dynamic natural environment and abundant wildlife are the most prominent features of the African continent. Due to its wide variety of biomes ranging from tropical forests to arid deserts, Africa consists of bountiful wildlife diversity. However, because of environmentally harmful human interactions, the variety of biomes is shrinking to all-time lows, which causes wildlife to die out. These detrimental human interactions, particularly livestock overgrazing and desertification, occur partly because the native people who depend on the land for daily life do not realize the potential benefits of wildlife and the unsustainability of their current ways. Poaching for horns and other valuable animal parts has also contributed to the†¦show more content†¦Herding allowed people to extract previously unobtainable nutrients from their environment. Since humans could not directly digest the grasses that existed in the savannas, the only way for them to take in the nutrients was to use cattle, which are capable of grazing or consuming grass, to convert it into edible forms. By consuming the milk and meat that the cattle produced the people were able to fully exploit the resources available. This pastoralist lifestyle was symbiotic with the agriculturalist lifestyle because the two communities traded goods with each other to maintain healthy diets. Therefore, many civilizations, like Mapungubwe in southern Africa, depended on the mutual relationship between humans and domestic animals to survive. This system was widely accepted due to its effectiveness and eventually became ingrained in African social and economic life. However, because of the rapid increase in population in Africa over the last several centuries has led to severe overgrazing, which occurs when the grass doesn’t have sufficient time to recover before being consumed. This has led to desertification, one of the major causes of the decrease in African wildlife populations. (Child Physical E nvironment, 2013) Desertification is a process that degrades the natural environment to an unproductive state that cannot support the native wildlife communities. More specifically, desertification involves land degradationShow MoreRelatedThe Big Hunting Game By Ernest Hemingway And Theodore Roosevelt1372 Words   |  6 Pagesanimals, and this allowed him to have a fixed residence and hunting was no longer necessary, though not as much. Now, the hunt is no longer practiced for food, but for fun and sport, called Big Hunting. Captured and killed for trophies sport in Africa, the hunting of animals is a real business. The charm of the big game is never set; it is timeless. Past the period of the great explorations of the great Victorian and white hunters such as Ernest Hemingway and Theodore Roosevelt, the desire to huntRead MoreHuman Wildlife Conflicts in Kenya1511 Words   |  7 Pagestogether conservation experts from around the world to share information and ideas, and set a global policy agenda f or protected areas. The 5th IUCN World Parks Congress was held in Durban, South Africa from September 8–17, 2004, and was attended by approximately 3,000 protected area experts, practitioners, and decision makers. The 5th WPC brought human–wildlife conflict (HWC) to the global stage as part of an effort to address current challenges facing protected area management and conservation. TheRead MoreHunting : The Benefits Of Wildlife Conservation1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Hunting Conservation is the protection and preservation of nature (Peterson 53). 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The main problem with Africa is not the fact that it is so largeRead MoreFarming and Natural Resource Dynamics under Public-Private Partnership in Eastern Zambia1583 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic development in East and Southern Africa [13]. CBNRM was born out of the wisdom that most causes of rural r esource degradation take place due to centralised governance systems that exclude local communities from accessing resources in protected areas [14]. Thus, Nyirenda et al. [15], note that CBNRM should contribute to improved collective action in NRM. The net benefits of this approach include among others rural poverty alleviation, enhancing conservation, strengthening rural economies, empoweringRead MoreTrophy Hunting Essay772 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical, and economic issues that extend beyond the American borders. Animals are a key component to their ecosystem. It is because of trophy hunting that they continue to remain endangered, â€Å"Trophy hunters still kill around 105,000 animals in Africa every year. Including 600 elephants and 800 leopards, at a time when every individual is crucial to the survival of the species,† (Schelling). This is a clear example of how many animals, not on U.S soil, have had their lives taken away for humanRead MoreWildlife Management in Africa Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesWildlife Management in Africa In the past three decades, many of Africas wild animals have suffered a massive decline in population due to poaching. Africa is the worlds second largest continent and home to thousands of species of animals. Unlike in North America, most of these animals roam completely free in an almost totally undeveloped environment. In attempt to save these animals from possible extinction, anti-poaching laws have been enacted by governments throughout Africa, as well asRead MoreA Report On The Hospitality Industry1287 Words   |  6 PagesSingita, South Africa Introduction The hospitality industry relies heavily on tourist activities for its existence. However, as the world’s human population grows exponentially, the loss of pristine land is happening at an alarming rate. Consequently, Singita has a profound impact on various parts of Africa. Singita is a hospitality firm orchestrating an interdependent association between wildlife, communities, and tourism, which ensures high sustainability. The corporation is becoming a trendsetterRead MoreThe Harmony Between Hunting And Conservation1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harmony Between Hunting and Conservation In 2014, professional hunter Corey Knowlton, placed a bid of $350,000 for the chance to go on a hunting trip in Namibia. On this trip Knowlton had the chance to hunt and kill the black rhino, an extremely endangered species.  This hunt and the ideas that have been used to justify it have started a heated debate on the subject. Animal conservationists, who support the ethical side of the argument, don’t understand the desire to kill a beautiful animal forRead MoreThe Grizzly Reality Of Trophy Hunting1619 Words   |  7 Pagesunfair for the animal because of a multitude of reasons. Trophy hunting should be banned considering the danger that it poses to endangered animals, it should also be banned due to the fact that trophy hunting fees are no longer helpful for animal conservation and because the fair chase rule is starting to become void due to hunters no longer following it and technological advancements. One of the animals that is in danger of becoming extinct is the Grizzly bear. As a matter of fact its subspecies the

The Concept Of New Consumerism Essay - 1444 Words

The concept of ‘new consumerism’ has emerged in the contemporary world as one of the biggest determinants of consumer expenditure habits, their lifestyles, and various other aspects that define a society. Juliet Schor, one of the most renowned economists characterizes this concept through the various behaviors that consumers tend to portray such as the up-scaling of their lifestyles, competitive consumption and the imbalance between their earnings and their desires. Consequently, the individual wellness and the common good practices such as family, reproduction, and inequalities are influenced. Various ethical theorists have come forward in an attempt to provide an in-depth explanation of these trends, the challenges brought forward and possible solutions. To begin with, there are several ethical theories that rationalize the concept of â€Å"new consumerism.† The Feminist Ethics theory introduces the status of a person as the tool upon which they are judged and valued by society. From the lifestyle up-scaling concept, an individual will equate their life to their status or appearance and hence struggle to make the best of the situation to satisfy those around them (Kohlberg, 504). Also, an individual will strive to please members of their families and win their affection from their financial generosity. Mill introduces pleasure as a human desire that brings about competitive consumption. The English and the Germans, under the theory of Utilitarianism, attacked the EpicureansShow MoreRelatedBusiness and Society891 Words   |  4 Pagesstandards of being a good citizen. Modern businesses are expected to be responsible towards the community resources working toward the growth and success of both their companies and their communit ies. Business ethics can be examined from various new perspectives, including the perspective of the employee, the commercial enterprise, and society as a whole. Very often, situations arise in which there is conflict between one or more of the parties, such that serving the interest of one party is aRead MoreConsumerism : The Great Gatsby, And Harrison Bergeron1441 Words   |  6 PagesConsumerism is defined as the increase in the consumption of goods. It is the theory that buying more goods will ultimately lead to economic advantages. Consumerism has destroyed the concept of the idealistic nuclear family in America, in favor of materialistic chaos. American society used to be content with the little things in life, up until the rise of consumerism, starting during the industrial revolution, but reaching its peak after World War II. Americans have become more occupied with theRead More`` Brave New World `` By Aldous Huxley1355 Words   |  6 Pagesfabrication of happiness rather than accepting the truth and facing one’s problems. Incidentally, consumerism has been defined as, â€Å"the perpetuated idea that you cannot be happy unless you surround yourself with things†. The human tendency of succumbing to consumerism and ignoring reality in order to preserve industrialized happiness has been shown throughout literature. In fact, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, entrails a society where brainwashed citizens turn to ailments such as soma in order toRead MoreModern Society and Consumerism Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesConsumerism is defined as â€Å"the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable† (â€Å"Consumerism†). Its primary motivation is the idea that if one does not have all that money can buy, then he or she cannot be happy. This school of thought has become an integral part of modern society not only in the United States, but internationally as well. While the exact source of this term an d ideology are debatable, it is certain now that consumerism is here to stay, intertwining withRead MoreThe Consumption Function Of Marketing And Promotions Drive Them For Buying Unnecessary Things?875 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter understanding what is going to develop, according to Wikipedia it will define the following terms: Consumption: is a major concept in economics and is also studied by many other social sciences. Economists are particularly interested in the relationship between consumption and income, and therefore in economics the consumption function plays a major role Consumerism: as a social and economic order and ideology encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. BasicRead MoreWhy People Buy Unneeded Things Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter understanding what is going to develop, according to Wikipedia it will define the following terms: Consumption: is a major concept in economics and is also studied by many other social sciences. Economists are particularly interested in the relationship between consumption and income, and therefore in economics the consumption function plays a major role .Consumerism: as a social and economic order and ideology encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. BasicRead MoreAnalysis Of Yasumasa Morimura s Film Making And Conceptual Photography1348 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved in traveling shows such as ‘Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky’ (1994). After some time, and with critics watching skeptically, he began to branch off into his own art style, re-creating famous artworks of females by giving them new meanings, inserting himself into the portraits and giving them additional features. His choice of appropriating females can be linked to his wish for Japanese culture to bring about equality for men who dress as women and vice versa. It is also closelyRead MoreEssay on American Consumer Culture1031 Words   |  5 Pageselsewhere, the culture of buying is deeply ingrained in American culture. Fueled largely by advertising and the current credit system, America’s consumer culture is depleting our planet’s finite natural resources and polluting our environment. Consumerism has instilled in Americans an artificial, ongoing, and insatiable desire for mass-produced and marketed products, and the money with which to buy them, with little regard to their actual usefulness or necessity. This constant desire to acquire moreRead MoreConsumerism and Faith979 Words   |  4 Pagesspending so much money on the new things rather than paying bills. The social pressure to keep up with these material items has an effect on quality bonding time which has an effect on money. Consumerism actually sets a person against oneself because of the never-ending mission to acquire material objects therefore people should not concentrate their religious faith in materialism. Consumerism is the idea that influences people to purchase items in great amounts. Consumerism makes trying to live theRead MoreTaking an Inside Look at Collaborative Consumerism Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesmobile technologies. Corporate America that contributed to over-consumption has raised global environmental and financial concerns. On the other hand, the rising trend of collaborative consumerism encourages eco-conscious ways to de-clutter over-consumption; it may have a negative impact on traditional corporate consumerism, but encourages ecofriendly entrepreneurships; it also improves human relationship by finding the power of community and connecting with each other; it is an optional lifestyle for

Methods of Transportation Free Essays

Roads are expensive pieces of infrastructure. While airlines has lowered the cost in their tickets and rented cars are cheaper. It is still more expensive than taking the bus to travel outside the city. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Transportation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The perks for taking the bus is convenience. You wont have to worry about driving for long periods of time. For instance, GO transit operates with fares that go from $6 to $10 dollars if you are going outside Toronto. Depending where you are going you might get a day-pass for just $12. All in all is the cheapest way to travel. Rail travel is one the most and green ways to get outside Toronto. Trains allow you to travel in safety and comfort. They pollute less and you won’t have to worry about weather conditions. While sometimes they could be more expensive than taking the bus, it is an option to consider if the price for your destination it is the same. For example, GO transit offers really good prices. If you go to Saukville the price would be the same as taking the bus. The only real difference are the advantages of the train such as comfort, fatty, practical and environmental friendly. While renting a car to travel outside the city might be the most expensive way there is one thing people love about the idea, freedom. One thing to keep in mind is that renting a car give you the possibility to move around once you get to your destination. For instance, Enterprise Rent-A-Car gives you the option during the winter season to rent a car as low as $9. 99 per day from Friday to Monday. This is a option to consider if you plan to stay a few days out of town. While traveling by train or bus might be cheaper at end could be more expensive since you will have to spend money at the local transit. Renting a car might seems its disadvantages. The price compared to taking the bus or train. Drive for long periods of time. And you might have to pay for parking. But if think about it the option of going anywhere at anytime and you won’t have access to local transit, renting a car is not as bad as it seems. How to cite Methods of Transportation, Papers

Aisha bint Abu Bakr Sample Essay Example For Students

Aisha bint Abu Bakr Sample Essay Aisha bint Abu Bakr was a leader. a adult female. a married woman. a theologian. a bookman and a political militant. She was precocious. loyal. brave and unusually intelligent. These facets of her low life have allowed her to do a powerful impact on the development and look of Islam that â€Å"no adult female reached† . Not merely did she act upon the place of adult females in Islamic society. Muslim moralss. and the apprehension and reading of the Qur’an. but she besides modelled these qualities for the work forces. adult females and kids of Islam. As a adult female in Islamic society. Aisha carried a peculiarly high position. She was the girl of Abu Bakr. the first Caliph. who had embraced Islam before she was born. Therefore. she was non influenced by the former polytheistic spiritual tradition of pre-Islamic Arabia. and its stance for gender inequality. Aisha was besides the 3rd and favorite married woman of the Prophet Muhammad. to whom she was divinely revealed: From these events. it is apparent that Aisha is a theoretical account of Islamic moralss and morality for Muslims. by following them diligently throughout her life. This development is an illustration of Aisha’s impact on Islam through a more inactive function as a theoretical account of morality in life. An active function Aisha played in her impact on the development and look of Islam was as a theologian. Her outstanding intelligence. strong power of keeping and close company with the Prophet allowed her to do this part. During her matrimony. she spent much clip analyzing the Qur’an. as an eager student of the Prophet. and holding treatments with him about the issues it contains. In this mode. Aisha was able to derive â€Å"knowledge and penetration such as no adult female has of all time acquired. †5 Through her dumbfounding memory. she was able to retain much of the invaluable expressions of the Prophet and the godly disclosures of Muhammad that she had witnessed. therefore leting her to be quoted as a beginning for over 2000 Hadiths. â€Å"Next to the Holy Qur’an. the Hadith is the 2nd beginning of the Islamic Law of societal and personal behavior. because the commandments of the Holy Prophet are as adhering on the trusters as the commandments of Allah. â⠂¬  Therefore. through her huge cognition. Aisha was able to turn to several issues or jobs that arose sing the reading of the Qur’an and Hadith. and the right behavior of Muslims. â€Å"Never had we ( the comrades ) had any trouble for the solution of which we approached Aisha and did non acquire some utile information from her† . Abu Musa Al-Ashari The Prophet himself held Aisha’s unbelievable cognition in high respect. commanding his followings to: â€Å"Learn a part of your faith from this red-coloured lady. †9 In this manner. Aisha had an impact on the way Islam took. peculiarly after Muhammad’s decease. in every facet of the spiritual tradition. as a extremely knowing theologist of the Qur’an and Hadith. which are the foundation of all Islamic beliefs. moralss and patterns. Her avidity to larn and her capacity to retain a great trade of information allow her to be revered as theoretical account of the importance of instruction to all Muslims. peculiarly kids. who need to be encouraged to larn. and adult females. who are dubious about their scholarly abilities. From her theological function. it is apparent that Aisha made promotion with it by sharing her cognition with the many work forces. adult females and kids who came from far and broad to be educated by her. This resulted in the metropolis of Medina going a Centre of Islamic acquisition. with Aisha being â€Å"one of the first bookmans of Islam’s early age†10. She besides took in a great figure of kids under her attention and counsel to educate them. non merely of the Islamic religion. but besides of a great many other countries in which she was knowing. such as literature. history. medical specialty and mathematics. .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .postImageUrl , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:hover , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:visited , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:active { border:0!important; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:active , .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800 .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92d1b098baab62c7a8bad9eee3aae800:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Privateers Essayâ€Å"I did non see a greater bookman than Aisha in the acquisition of the Qur’an. obligatory responsibilities. lawful and improper manners. poesy. literature. Arab history and geneology. † Urwah Ibn Azzubayr In this manner. Aisha â€Å"was a innovator in advancing education†4. Therefore. she helped to continue the Islamic religion. including the expressions and behavior of Muhammad. by learning it to others. â€Å"It is the claim of Islamic bookmans that without Aisha. half of the Ilm-I-Hadith ( understanding and cognition of the Hadith and Islam ) would hold perished. † This besides contributed to the spread of Islam. as many of her pupils came from topographic points around the universe. Therefore. Aisha established the importance of instruction in the Islamic tradition by patterning it and educating others. Another active function Aisha played in the development and look of Islam was as a political militant. Due to her close company with the Prophet Muhammad. Aisha gained sufficient cognition of warfare to be able to take part in conflicts. An illustration of this is the Battle of the Camel. in which Aisha led resistance forces against the freshly appointed calif. Ali. The fact that after their licking. Ali â€Å"captured Aisha but declined to harm her†12 suggests that her courage and leading was extremely regarded. by both work forces and adult females. Such actions that were undertaken by Aisha. as a political militant. gives inspiration to all Muslims sing adversity. in that she was willing to do the ultimate forfeit and resignation to Allah. which is a cardinal portion of belonging to Islam ( ‘submission to Allah’ ) . Through the qualities of precociousness. trueness. courage and intelligence. Aisha bint Bakr was able to play the function of a adult female. a mar ried woman. a theologian. a bookman and a political militant. These functions were had important impacts on the development and look of Islam in that they embodied and contributed to the cardinal facets of Muslimism: being a Muslim. who submits to Allah. and the reading and apprehension of the Qur’an and Hadith. Bibliography BICNews. created 29 April 1998. viewed 21 November 2006.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lens implant. ie/~afifi/BICNews/Sabeel/sabeel6. htm Britannica 2002 Standard Edition. 2002. Britannica. com Inc. Australia Crescentlife. com. last revised 10 September 2006. Uzma Mazhar. St. Louis. Missouri. USA. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. crescentlife. com/thisthat/feminist % 20muslims/aisha_bint_abu_bakr. htm Emerick. Y. . 2002. Muhammad. Alpha Books. USA. Everything About The Islam. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ancient-history. nl/Islam/Companions % 20of % 20the % 20Prophet/Aisha % 20bint % 20Abu % 20Bakr. htm Fons Vitae. viewed 1 December 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fonsvitae. com/ghazdis. hypertext markup language Muslim Voice. created October 1997. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. islamicvoice. com/october. 97/wome. htm Merrin. S. . Prunhuber. C. . 1990. Women Around the World and through the Ages. Atomium Books. Wilmington. DE. Ozalp. M. 2004. 101 Questions You Asked About Islam. Brandl A ; Schlesinger Pty Ltd. NSW. Australia The Place of Women in Pure Islam. created 1996. viewed 1 December 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //debate. domini. org/newton/womeng. hypertext markup language Welcome to the World of Islam. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wiu. edu/users/mfgp/Islam/Aisha. hypertext markup language Wikipedia. last revised 18 November 2006. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aisha ———————– Sahih Al-Bukhari Hadith. Narrated by Abu Musa Al Ashari Hadith 4. 643 ; taken from: BICNews. created 29 April 1998. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lens implant. ie/~afifi/BICNews/Sabeel/sabeel6. htm Harmonizing to: Crescentlife. com. last revised 10 September 2006. Uzma Mazhar. St. Louis. Missouri. USA. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. crescentlife. com/thisthat/feminist % 20muslims/aisha_bint_abu_bakr. htm Sahih Muslim. Introduction to English interlingual rendition. P. two. ; taken from: The Place of Women in Pure Islam. created 1996. viewed 1 December 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //debate. domini. org/newton/womeng. hypertext markup language Sirat-I-Aisha. on the authorization of Trimidhi. p. 163. ; taken from: BICNews. created 29 April 1998. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. lens implant. ie/~afifi/BICNews/Sabeel/sabeel6. htm 9 Everything About The Islam. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ancient-history. nl/Islam/Companions % 20of % 20the % 20Prophet/Aisha % 20bint % 20Abu % 20Bakr. htm 10 Wikipedia. last revised 18 November 2006. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aisha 11 Islamic Voice. created October 1997. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. islamicvoice. com/october. 97/wome. htm .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .postImageUrl , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:hover , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:visited , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:active { border:0!important; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:active , .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19db340e4b79caf431be31fc67cf0d5f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay Parenting Essay12 Wikipedia. last revised 18 November 2006. viewed 21 November 2006. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aisha

About Marcel Breuer, Bauhaus Architect and Designer

About Marcel Breuer, Bauhaus Architect and Designer You may recognize Marcel Breuers Wassily chair, but you know Breuers Cesca, the bouncy metal tubular dining room chair with the (often fake plastic) cane seat and back. An original B32 model is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City Even today, you can buy them, because Breuer never took a patent on the design. Marcel Breuer was a Hungarian designer and architect who moved with and beyond the Bauhaus school of design. His steel tube furniture brought 20th century modernism to the masses, but his bold use of precast concrete enabled large, modern buildings to be built under budget. Background: Born: May 21, 1902 in PÃ ©cs, Hungary Full Name: Marcel Lajos Breuer Died: July 1, 1981 in New York City Married: Marta Erps, 1926-1934 Citizenship: Immigrated to the U.S. in 1937; naturalized citizen in 1944 Education: 1920: studied at Vienna Academy of Fine Arts1924: Master of Architecture, Bauhaus School in Weimer, Germany Professional Experience: 1924: Pierre Chareau, Paris1925-1935: Master of the Carpentry Shop, Bauhaus School1928-1931: Bund Deutscher Architekten (Association of German Architects), Berlin1935-1937: Partnership with British architect F.R.S. Yorke, London1937: Begins teaching at Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts1937-1941: Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer Architects, Cambridge, MA1941: Marcel Breuer and Associates, Cambridge (MA), NYC, and Paris Selected Architectural Works: 1939: Breuer House (own residence), Lincoln, Massachusetts1945: Geller House (Breuers first post-war bi-nuclear design), Long Island, NY1953-1968: St. Johns Abbey, Collegeville, Minnesota1952-1958: UNESCO World Headquarters, Paris, France1960-1962: IBM Research Center, La Gaude, France1964-1966: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City1965-1968: Robert C. Weaver Federal Building, Washington, DC1968-1970: Armstrong Rubber Company Headquarters, West Haven, Connecticut1980: Central Public Library, Atlanta, Georgia Best Known Furniture Designs: 1925: Wassily chair1928: Cesca chair also known as the B32 Selected Awards: 1968: FAIA, Gold Medal1968: Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Architecture1976: Grand Medalle dOr French Academy of Architecture Breuers Students at Harvard University: Philip JohnsonI.M. Pei Influences and Related People: Walter GropiusPaul Klee, Swiss artistLudwig Mies van der RoheRichard NeutraBreuer, along with Landis Gores, John Johansen, Philip Johnson, and Eliot Noyes, were known in New Canaan, Connecticut as The Harvard Five In the Words of Marcel Breuer: Source: Marcel Breuer papers, 1920-1986. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution But I dont want to live in a house which was in vogue twenty years ago.- Defining Modern Architecture [undated] ...objects have their different appearances as a result of their different functions. In that they should individually satisfy our needs, and not conflict with each other, they together give rise to our style....objects acquire a form corresponding to their function. In contrast to the arts and crafts (kunstgewerbe) conception where objects of the same function take on different forms as a result of variations and inorganic ornament.- On Form and Function at the Bauhaus in 1923 [1925] Sullivans statement form follows function needs a finish to the sentence but not always. Also here we have to use a judgment of our own good senses, also here we should not accept blindly the tradition.- Notes on Architecture, 1959 One needs no technical knowledge to conceive an idea but one does need technical ability and knowledge to develop this idea. But conceiving the idea and mastering the technique do not require the same abilities....The main thing is that we act at the point where something needed is lacking, and use the potential that we have at our disposal to find an economic and coherent solution.- On Form and Function at the Bauhaus in 1923 [1925] Thus modern architecture would exist even without reinforced concrete, plywood or linoleum. It would exist even in stone, wood and brick. It is important to emphasize this because doctrinaire and unselective use of new materials falsifies the basic principles of our work.- On Architecture and Material, 1936 There are two separate zones, connected only by the entrance hall. One is for common living, eating, sport, games, gardening, visitors, radio, for every days dynamic living. The second, in a separate wing, is for concentration, work and sleeping: the bedrooms are designed and dimensioned so that they may be used as private studies. Between the two zones is a patio for flowers, plants; visually connected with, or practically a part of, the living room and the hall.- On a Design of a Bi-Nuclear House, 1943 But what I value most of his achievements is his sense of interior space. It is a liberated spaceto be experienced not only by your eye, but felt by your touch: dimensions and modulations corresponding to your steps and movements, embracing the embracing landscape.- On Frank Lloyd Wright, 1959 Learn More: Who is Marcel Breuer?The Bauhaus, 1919–1933, The Metropolitan Museum of ArtA Bauhaus Life: Is Bauhaus Too International for America?Marcel Breuer Digital Archive at Syracuse University LibrariesThe Harvard Five in New Canaan by William D. Earls, Norton, 2006Saint Johns Abbey Church: Marcel Breuer and the Creation of a Modern Sacred Space by Victoria M. Young, University Of Minnesota Press, 2014 Sources: Marcel Breuer, Modern Homes Survey, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2009; Biographical History, Syracuse University Libraries [accessed July 8, 2014]

College Interview Attire What to Wear to Your Interview

College Interview Attire What to Wear to Your Interview SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As if college applications aren't stressful enough, an interview with the admissions department can ramp anxiety up to eleven. Though an interview is a great way to make a lasting impression, it also introduces some new things to worry about in addition to your application, such as what you're supposed to wear. Like all parts of the college application process, you want to make a good impression, but also be yourself. Not everyone is a fashion maven, and there are additional barriers for students experiencing academic hardship. If you have questions about what to wear to a college interview, you're in luck- we've got answers. From how to style yourself to how to afford business casual on a budget, this guide will help you look sharp and feel confident during your college interview. How to Pick an Outfit for a College Interview If you’re applying to college, it’s quite possible that you’ve never needed to understand what â€Å"business casual† means. How can you be both â€Å"business† and â€Å"casual?† Is that a suit with flip-flops? A skirt and your favorite band t-shirt?If you find the concept confusing, don’t worry- you’re not alone. â€Å"Business casual† is generally how students are advised to dress for college interviews, though some interviews in more professional settings may require you to jazz it right up to â€Å"business† sans â€Å"casual.† Be sure you get information about where you’ll be meeting ahead of time to be sure that your outfit matches the setting- no matter how great your suit is, it’s going to look a little silly in a boba tea shop. So what does business casual mean? This style of dress fits somewhere right between business or formal wear- suits, ties, dresses, the kind of thing you’d see Cheryl Blossom wear onRiverdale- and casual wear- t-shirts, jeans, hoodies, like you might see Riverdale's Archie or Betty wearing. Business casual is meant to be professional, but not uptight; a blazer over a button-up shirt, but not a suit, or a cute dress with flats rather than heels. While a little flair is acceptable, people should come away remembering you, not your outfit. But knowing what business casual is isn’t enough; you also need to buy it. If you or your family have money to spend, any department store will have appropriate business casual items, outlined below. If you’re on a strict budget or simply can’t afford new clothes, many thrift stores, as well as lower cost department stores like Wal-Mart and Target, carry blazers, button-up shirts, and dressy shoes in leather or faux-leather. There may also be local charities like Catie’s Closet or Clothes for Kids that can help you find free or low-cost business casual wear for your interview. Don’t be afraid to ask for help- these organizations want to help you succeed. If you’re unable to afford the perfect outfit and there are no organizations nearby to help you, don’t panic. Dressing well for your college interview is just one part of the application process. You might blow an interview by not showing up, refusing to speak, saying you cheat in school, or admitting that the only reason you’re there is because your parents made you apply, but your outfit probably won’t destroy your chances, particularly if the interviewer can see you made an effort. Aim for somewhere in the middle of the Archie-Cheryl fashion spectrum. What Should You Wear to a College Interview? Business casual is a good starting line for what to wear to a college interview, but some people, such as students who might be auditioning for an arts department or people with tattoos and piercings, may have some additional concerns about what to wear. And with pictures being worth a thousand words, here are a few outfits to help you plan your own college interview outfit. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nines Bambines (@nines_bambines) on Nov 6, 2018 at 10:14pm PST This look is the perfect business casual- sharp, flattering, and not distracting. Business Casual for College Interviews Let your personality shine through in your words, not your clothing. Though these outfits might feel bland in comparison to your normal clothes, they’re the most appropriate thing to wear to an interview. "Business casual" doesn't have to mean unflattering or without personality- as the above outfit shows, you can look confident and work-appropriate at the same time. Dress a little more conservatively than you normally would. Even if you’re wearing a dress, your shoulders shouldn’t be bare- throw on a nice cardigan or blazer to go with your outfit. Your shoes should be clean and unscuffed, and preferably made of leather, fake leather, or suede. Nobody’s going to bend down and check that they’re the real thing, but they should look clean, polished, and professional. For colors, lean toward neutrals, pastels, and cool tones. Bright colors are fine, but try not to go too wild with mixing and matching patterns and bold tones- a blazer over a bright button-up is great, but a pink skirt with an orange shirt and blue shoes is probably pushing it. You want your interviewer to remember you, not your outfit. Opt for a high neckline over a low one. Leave v-necks and plunging necklines at home.Collared shirts are always a good idea for a college interview, and easy to find at any clothing store, including Wal-Mart or Target, as well as thrift stores. Choose no patterns over patterns, and conservative patterns over flamboyant ones. Checks are fine, but plaid is pushing it- and also tends a little more casual than business casual. A simple pattern of chevrons is fine, tropical toucans is not. Think a navy blue shirt with white embellishments or a white shirt with a cute pattern rather than bright with an eye-catching pattern. No jeans, no leggings. Tights should be plain, not patterned or extremely textured. Opt for dress pants, chinos, corduroys, or similar. You might be able to squeak by with dark denim with no holes or embellishments, but if you have another option, take it. Your shoes should be closed-toe and dressy. Heels aren’t necessary, particularly if you’ll also be touring the campus (coming soon - what to wear for a campus tour)- you want to have sure footing and be comfortable. Still, ditch the sneakers and opt for a comfortable ballet flat, wingtip, loafer, or boot. Opt for simplicity over elaborate decoration. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Matt Hartman | #runnineverlong (@runnineverlong) on Oct 30, 2018 at 7:52am PDT Something like this is great for an interview or an interview with an audition. What to Wear for College Auditions If you’re a musician or other performing artist and your interview also includes an audition, dress appropriately. Most of the same rules apply; think button-up shirts and khakis rather than jeans and t-shirts. But if you’re a classical musician, a black and white theme might be appropriate- black pants, white button-up shirt, black blazer, for example. Again, this won’t make or break your chances, but do be aware of what field you’re applying to and keep that in mind as you’re choosing outfits. View this post on Instagram A post shared by ð â€¢ ¸Ã° â€"”ð â€"™ð â€" Ã° â€"Šð â€"â€" ð â€¢ ºÃ° â€"‹ ð â€¢ ±Ã° â€"”ð â€" Ã° â€"Šð â€"Ëœ (@foxfell) on Jul 16, 2018 at 9:40am PDT Though the earrings are a little too big for a college interview, this classy look is perfectly fine with visible tattoos and piercings. What to Do If You Have Tattoos and Piercings If you have facial piercings, please, don’t try to hide them with a bandage. It looks far more unprofessional to try to cover them up with a bandage than to swap the jewelry out for something more understated, if necessary. College campuses are fairly used to wild hair colors, piercings, and tattoos. A nose stud isn’t likely to raise eyebrows unless you’re applying to a particularly conservative school. Use your best judgement- search social media for what students at that college look like, and decide whether it’s better to take your piercing out for a day or to just go with it. Tasteful tattoos are fine for most colleges, and will likely be covered up by an appropriate outfit anyway. If you have a tattoo of anything obscene or offensive, you should make efforts to cover it up. Makeup can help, but be sure to practice before your interview. If you have stretched piercings or body art in unusual places (such as your face or neck), there are ways to cover up or hide them. You can use makeup or a piercing retainer to temporarily hide tattoos or piercings. But keep in mind that neither of these options is foolproof- a retainer won’t trick anybody into thinking you don’t have a piercing on close inspection, though it might make it less obvious at first sight. If you feel like you’re going above and beyond to hide your tattoos and piercings, it might be worth considering whether this is the right school for you. Changing your entire personal appearance to get into college might mean that the school isn’t a good fit. If you’re willing to let the piercing go or have the tattoo removed if you get accepted, hiding it might be worth it- but if not, think about whether it’s really the right school for you. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mary Zilba (@maryzilba) on Oct 30, 2018 at 8:38am PDT A bun and natural makeup are perfect for a college interview. How to Do Your Makeup and Hair for a College Interview Don’t go wild with styling your hair. Keep it simple: don’t worry about lots of gel, hours with a curling iron, or getting a whole new ‘do just for an interview. If you have long hair, consider putting it up in a bun or ponytail to keep it out of the way. Long, flowing waves are nice, but be sure that they’re styled well enough to hold up during an interview. If you’re not sure, a bun or ponytail will look fine. Colored hair shouldn’t be a problem for most schools. Follow business casual styling standards and you should be fine. If you’re concerned a school will frown on dyed hair, you can dye it back before the interview, but, as with piercings and tattoos, consider whether that’s something you’re willing to do for as long as you’re attending. If not, think about whether this is the right school for you. Keep your nails trimmed and clean. A simple manicure- a single color, French tips, and so on- is fine, but now’s not the time for those claw nails or elaborate nail art. Makeup should be natural and simple. There’s no need for heavy eye shadow, lots of eyeliner, or bright lipstick. Stick with neutral colors rather than being adventurous. Any perfume or cologne should be light, if worn at all. If someone can smell you more than a foot away, you’re wearing too much. Do opt for deodorant, though! View this post on Instagram A post shared by Junho âÅ" ª (@mrjunho3) on Oct 28, 2018 at 8:30am PDT Keep any accessories simple and understated. What Accessories to Wear at a College Interview Again, go simple. A light necklace, bracelet, or watch are perfect accessories. If your jewelry might be distracting- whether for you or for the interviewer- leave it at home. Clanky bangles, a statement necklace, or particularly flashy earrings are better for other settings. One accessory you should bring is a bag. You can keep any papers you get during the interview and tour, a water bottle, and anything else you might need safe and out of the way with an appropriate bag. Avoid backpacks or totes with flashy logos or energy drink branding. A simple brown or black messenger bag, a plain tote, or similar is a good choice. A plain backpack will also get the job done, but plain is the operative word; again, you don’t want to stand out for your clothing choice. A good business casual outfit should have you feeling like this. General Tips for Confidence During a College Interview All this information about outfits will help you dress the part, but what else can you do to look and feel your best during a college interview? #1: Wear Something Comfortable If you’re uncomfortable during your interview, you’re not going to be at your most confident. If your outfit isn’t working for you, swap it out for something that does. Break in your shoes and leave the itchy fabrics at home. #2: Find What Looks Good Business casual may not be your normal attire, but you still want your outfit to make you feel good. If you’re tugging at your sleeves or checking the height of your pants all day, you’re not projecting confidence. Other things may make you nervous, but your outfit shouldn’t. #3: Practice! Have a firm (but not overwhelming!) handshake and a confident greeting. If these aren’t things you’re already adept at, practice! Don’t just practice on your friends, who might laugh or go too soft on you. Find someone you trust to put the pressure on a little and see how you perform. #4: Be Prepared to Answer Questions Running through practice interviews will help you develop answers to questions ahead of time. Anticipate questions about your strengths and weaknesses as a student, and have genuine answers- admissions officers have heard every kind of humblebrag in existence, so be genuine. #5: Stay Healthy The night before your interview, get plenty of sleep. Eat a healthy breakfast the day of your interview, and drink plenty of water- and please, go to the bathroom before the interview. Good self-care will help you ace your interview because you’re operating at peak performance. What’s Next? You want to the right outfit for a college interview, but there's a whole lot more to prepare for, too. Check out this list of college interview tips to be sure you know exactly what to prepare for during your interview. Not every college requires an interview for admission. If an interview intimidates you- or you're certain it'll help you land a coveted acceptance letter- check out this list of colleges that require interviews to help you plan your applications. Though you're the one getting interviewed, a college interview is also a great place to ask questions about the college you're applying to that you can't find online. This list of questions to ask a college interviewer will help you get the most out of your experience. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

The study of Jeffrey Weeks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The study of Jeffrey Weeks - Essay Example Jeffrey Weeks has been a well known man for quite some time, and the beginning of this notoriety truly began once his literary works began to come out, as they were more open and more revealing than most others had ever been. His work discusses primarily the issues of homosexuality, however at the same time it discusses much more than that, as he is able to discuss such matters as homosexual identity, finding homosexual identity, the history of homosexual identity, homosexuality in politics, homosexuality and its influence on the world, and much more. He has been both praised and criticized for his work, but overall his work is taken on a most positive note, as it has not only explained and universalized many of the most important issues that are evident in the present day world, but as well it has led to the onset of not only present but future forms of research and contemplation in the areas of his work. In order to better understand Weeks, and in particular that of his contributio ns and his significance to the world overall, we must do several things. First, we must discuss more about Weeks and his life in general, and as well we must then discuss his relevance and how his approach and his contribution to theory building have been influential in general. ... This is what will be dissertated in the following. Jeffery Weeks was born in Rhondda, Wales in 1945, and he was educated at both the University College in London and the University of Kent at Canterbury. In regards to his work he actually basically began as a lecturer in sociology at the University of Kent, and in the year 1980 he became the Simon Senior Fellow at the University of Manchester. He was also professor of social relations at Bristol Polytechnic, continuing his work on throughout this time. Weeks is considered as being "among the academics in the early period of gay men's studies in Britain emerging from the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) which he joined in 1970 and the Gay Left Collective of which he was a founder member. He began by chronicling the development of homosexual politics from the late nineteenth century to the gay liberation movement in Coming Out, (1977)" (The Knitting Circle, 2002). Following his work as a professor at Bristol Polytechnic, he then became Professor of Sociology at South Bank University in the year 1994, and the he was Head of School of Education, Politics and Social Science from 1995-1998, and finally he became Dean of Humanities and Social Science in August, 1998. He spent most of the beginning of his education at select places, as he would stay in one location and then concentrate his work there, and move on once he felt the time was right. Thus he did not scatter from place to place, but rather, as he worked, and as his work became more and more accepted and noted, he basically made his way up the ladder, until he reached where he is today, which he has been at for several years now. Weeks is a man who is incredibly

How does music transform people and me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How does music transform people and me - Essay Example For instance, when a person who feels sad and hears a certain song he particularly likes, he could be emotionally affected depending on the kind of music. Love songs oftentimes remind people of love relationships and can relate to the music. However, not all people are simply attracted to music because of the lyrics or the rhythm of the song. There are other certain aspects in music wherein individuals are particularly attracted to. Some people love to listen to loud music and prefer rock and roll over melodious songs. On the other hand, there are those who consider rock music as noise because they prefer softer melodies and choose country and classical music or inspirational like gospel songs. Through my observations, I think music speaks more than words to the hearts and souls of people. The effects of music can be manifested by individuals stomping their feet, nodding their heads, shaking their bodies or seem to dance even while sitting, when they listen to music. This is perhaps the reason why it is called the language of the soul. It moves the soul and makes itself apparent through actions. Some claim that they are able to concentrate more in what they are doing when they listen to their favorite music and I agree with them because I feel the same way. Personally, I love to listen to instrumental jazz. I am very entertained by Kenny G. and the Caribbean Jazz Project. When I pay attention to their music, it is as if I am transported to another world where I can be dreamy. It gives me a whole new perception which brings out the musician in me. I can imagine myself with an instrument making my own music and playing along with the sounds that I hear. So many times, such instances make me inspired to continue with my music and desire even more to become a good musician in the near future. Music strengthens me to always keep my dreams on focus and be unafraid of the challenges I face in life. Whatever choice of music a person has, it could perhaps be said that

Health and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health and Aging - Essay Example This happens when the size of old retired population widens while the working population shrinks at the same time. Therefore, this puts more burden socially and as well as economically. Almost all countries mainly developed, like Australia, Japan and The United States of America, that have managed to increase their life expectancy rate by effective public health strategies are either presently suffering from this problem or anticipating future concerns over this issue. This change in the population structure has recently became a source for concern and now all the countries are doing whatever they can to deal with this problem as smoothly as possible. According to the Population Division of the United Nations, in 2006 the number of old persons (60 years or older) in the world passed 700 million. And it is estimated that by 2050, 2 billion older persons are expected to be living. According to this estimation, in a span of 50 years, the number of old people in the world will triple in number. The Population Division also gave the increasing rate of the aged people. According to them, the world aged population is increasing at a rate of 2.6 percent per year. When compared with the 1.1 percent increase per year in the total population, this increase of 2.6 is noticeably faster. (UN, 2007) The statistics show that this rapid increase in the number of aged people i... As a person becomes older, naturally he will become relatively unhealthy and would definitely be in need of some sort of medical assistance. In America, the health care costs for the older population have risen dramatically. If steps are not taken right now, then, in future, the standard of living and life expectancy rate will fall greatly. One problem with giving old people health care is that they usually suffer from chronic diseases which are the result of an unhealthy life style. The cost of curing these diseases is very high. Therefore, if these chronic diseases can be avoided, this will not only benefit the person but also the people who were supposed to provide for them. Now the question remains how can these diseases be avoided One way is to maintain a healthy lifestyle in terms of regular exercising, avoiding tobacco and alcohol etc. This includes making people aware of the importance of this. People need to be health literate but the statistics show that older people who need to be health literate are not. The statistics show that 39% of the people of age 75 or above have below basic health literacy. 23% of the people of ages 65 to 74 and 13% of people ages 50 to 64 have below basic health literacy. Therefore making them aware is very necessary. (NIH, 2008) Another way how this can be avoided and reduced is regular medical check ups. These measures would either prevent the people from suffering from these chronic diseases or would help in detecting the diseases when it is not too late. Most countries have not yet realized the importance of this. Only a negligible amount of funds are spent on prevention. The challenge for the society is to give people more

Impact of the SDP on British Politics

Impact of the SDP on British Politics How much lasting impact has the SDP had on British Politics? On August 1st 1980 Shirley Williams, David Owen and Bill Rodgers published their famous ‘Gang of Three’ statement: an open letter in the Guardian ‘rejecting class war, accepting the mixed economy and the need to manage it efficiently’ (Glover, 2006). Following the Wembley conference of 1981 which passed rule changes strengthening the power of left-wing activists over candidate selection and the party leadership, the Gang of Three was joined by President of the European Commission, Roy Jenkins to form a new centrist party, the Social Democratic Party which threatened to change the nature of British politics (Bill Jones and Philip Norton , 2013). Nicholas Watt argues that: â€Å"The SDP transformed the Labour Party without winning many parliamentary seats, or by creating a major political force at Westminster.† (Watt, 2013) The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics defines the term ‘social democracy, social democrat’ as: ‘The title taken by most Marxist socialist parties between 1880 and 1914†¦ In Britain, the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) was a late nineteenth century Marxist group which was eventually absorbed into the Communist Party’ (McLean, 2009, p. 490). The conventional view is that the SDP split the anti-Tory vote and helped to keep Margaret Thatcher in power for a decade. However, the party’s history as argued by Ivor Crewe and Anthony King concluded that this transient new force, if anything, reduced the Tory majority (Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, 1995). Furthermore, an ‘Alliance’ between the old Liberals and new SDP was a potent electoral force at two general elections in the 1980s. Together, in 1983, they garnered 25.4 per cent of the vote but less than 4 per cent of the seats. The attempted breakthrough in 1987 failed when they mustered only 22.6 per cent of the vote (Bill Jones and Philip Norton , 2013). However, after 1989 the newly merged party, the Liberal Democrats, has fought to resist a classic third-party squeeze, as the two main parties converged to the centre ground after Thatcherism (Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, 1995). Additionally, as a result of the 1997 general election, it can be argued that the Liberal Democrats are faced with a series of fundamental questions regarding their electoral future and party profile, which may have a wider impact upon the nature of British politics (Andrew Russell and Ed Fieldhouse , 2013). Accurately evaluating the impact of the SDP and the Liberal-SDP alliance on British politics is not an easy task. Ivor Crewe and Anthony king argue that it was negligible (Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, 1995). Labour’s transformation, they suggest, ‘owed almost nothing to the SDP’ since it occurred largely after the demise of the Alliance in 1987 and it was arguably a response to election defeats in 1983 and 1987 which would have happened regardless of the SDP’s existence (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998, p. 171). It can be argued that the existence of the SDP did not prevent Conservative election victories nor did it alter the policies pursued by the Thatcher governments. Furthermore, it can also be argued that the party which arose following the merger between the Liberals and the SDP differed little, in character or electoral performance, from the old Liberal Party (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). The SDP wished to ‘break the mould of British politics’ (McLean, 2009). It can be argued that it proposed a new, or at least rarely articulated amalgam of strong social liberalism with fairly strong economic liberalism, under the slogan of ‘the social market economy’. In addition, in conventional terms, it was left-wing on social matters and right-wing on economic matters (McLean, 2009). However, this strategy faced two problems: Firstly, although there was no increasing group of voters to whom this mixture appealed, typically well-educated people in professional rather than commercial occupations, it can be argued that they were not numerous enough to be electorally significant (McLean, 2009). Secondly, it can be argued that some members of the SDP preferred to present themselves as the continuing Labour Party when the real Labour Party was seen as having moved far to the left. This was the basis of an appeal to a quite different sector of the electorate; but it arguably involved much stronger support for corporatism and the traditional left in economic matters (McLean, 2009). There is an alternative, more generous, interpretation of the SDP’s contribution to British politics in the 1980s. Firstly, although the Alliance arguably failed to break the mould of British politics, it can be argued that it failed to do so only because of the electoral system which above all, gave Labour the time to reorganise after the 1983 election (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). Furthermore, the fact that the large number of votes won by the Alliance were not converted proportionately into seats brought the issue of electoral reform firmly on to the political agenda, where it has remained. Secondly, it can also be argued that the organisational structure of the new Liberal Democrat Party was influenced by the SDP, which made it much more centralised and efficient (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). It is largely true that the Alliance’s direct electoral impact on Labour was minimal. The formation of the SDP raised the prospect of a viable attack on Labour strongholds, something which the Liberals had been unable to do (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). The Alliance, therefore, hoped to fulfil a realignment on the left with a new centre-left party replacing Labour. It can be argued that this strategy had not been successful in the past because the electoral strength of the Liberal Party had been concentrated in Conservative areas. Additionally, it can also be argued that Liberal revivals, therefore, in the early 1960s and between 1970 and 1974 – had occurred largely as a result of discontent with Conservative governments. The effect was to benefit the Labour Party, such as in February 1974 (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). The SDP never looked likely to fulfil the task of realigning the left. Like the Liberals before them, the electoral strength of the Alliance was in primarily southern – Conservative seats. Indeed, survey evidence suggested that, as Ivor Crewe argues: â€Å"SDP supporters place not only their party but themselves in the centre; they are, in fact, fractionally to its right. Typically SDP supporters do not see themselves as moderate but left of centre-voters abandoned by a leftwards drifting Labour Party. They see themselves as ‘middle of the roaders’.† (Bogdanor, 1985, p. 54) Ironically, it can be argued that the Alliance was a bigger threat to the Conservatives, coming second in about two-thirds of seats won by that party in 1983, and had the Alliance achieved marginally better results in 1983 and 1987, a hung parliament at the very least could have resulted, with Labour being the likely beneficiary. However, despite this, many in the Labour Party perceived the Alliance as a threat and its existence, therefore, provided one incentive for hastening the speed of the party’s transformation. Furthermore, had Labour not begun the process of transforming its images and policies, it is plausible to argue that the Alliance would have become a serious threat to Labour’s position as the major party on the centre-left of British politics (Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998). Luke Akehurst argues that: â€Å"It was not the SDP that provided Britain with a landslide centre-left victory and 13 years of progressive government, but a renewed and regene rated Labour Party. Labour’s best days were ahead of it, not behind it.† (Akehurst, 2012) Most SDP members who joined the Liberal Democrats still remain in the party. However, Roger Liddle rejoined Labour and went on to become Chairman of the international think tankPolicy Network and he has arguably had a major impact on modernising the Labour Party’s political philosophy. Liddle also became Special Adviser on European matters to Tony Blair. Danny Finkelstein, joined the Conservative party and became a close aide of bothJohn MajorandWilliam Hague (Bill Jones and Philip Norton , 2013). In conclusion, it can be argued that the SDP has had a lasting impact on the Labour Party in the twenty-first century, as Steven Fielding argues: â€Å"The party at the start of the twenty-first century may be a highly cautious social democratic organisation; but recognisably social democratic it remains. If the state has advanced modestly and in novel ways since 1997, Labour’s purpose in office is the same as it ever was: to reform capitalism so that it may better serve the interests of the majority.† (Bill Jones and Philip Norton , 2013, p. 83) However, arguably most important of all, the SDP strengthened the political reputation of the Liberals. The national status of Owen and Jenkins helped the Liberals become somewhat more than a foundation of surprise by-election results and a party for people who live in rural areas such as the Western Country and theScottish Highlands. Finally, the SDP also assisted the Liberals in attracting attention from the media for their policies. Bibliography Akehurst, L., 2012. Labour vs the SDP: 31 years on – who was right?. [Online] Available at: http://labourlist.org/2012/03/labour-vs-the-sdp-31-years-on-who-was-right/ [Accessed 26 March 2014]. Andrew Russell and Ed Fieldhouse , 2013. British Elections Parties Review: Volume 10. Oxon: Routledge . Bill Jones and Philip Norton , 2013. Politics UK. 8 ed. Oxon: Routledge. Bogdanor, V., 1985. Three Political Systems: A Reader in British, Soviet and American Politics. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Glover, J., 2006. At that stage we really did see the possibility of winning the next election. All of a sudden we thought, its tomorrow, wow. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/jan/25/past.julianglover [Accessed 23 March 2014]. Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, 1995. SDP: The Birth, Life, and Death of the Social Democratic Party. USA: Oxford University Press. McLean, I., 2009. Oxford Concise Dictionary of Politics. 3 ed. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.. Robert Garner and Richard Kelly, 1998. British Political Parties Today. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Watt, N., 2013. Ukip will change face of British politics like SDP, says Nigel Farage. [Online] Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/may/03/nigel-farage-ukip-change-british-politics [Accessed 25 March 2014]. .

Religion :: essays research papers

Genetic Engineering Genes, or chromosomes, are often referred to as "blueprints" which are passed down from generation to generation. From the study of these hereditary materials, scientists have ventured into the recent, and rather controversial, field of genetic engineering. It is described as the "artificial modification of the genetic code of a living organism", and involves the "manipulation and alteration of inborn characteristics" by humans. Like many other issues, genetic engineering has sparked a heated debate. Some people believe that it has the potential to become the new "miracle tool" of medicine. "Advances in the field of genetic engineering could mean progress on an unprecedented scale for all civilization" - Gail Dutton To others, this new technology borders on the realm of immorality, and is an omen of the danger to come. They are firmly convinced that this human intervention into nature is unethical, and will bring about the destruction of mankind. "†¦ the promise of genetic engineering as a tool of medicine is matched only by the threat it would pose to human society and civilization." - Ann E. Weiss Rapid advances in medical science have fuelled the question of bioethics. However, as science takes leaps and bounds towards its goals, ethics are often just learning how to crawl. In fact, it has even suffered major backslides in some cases. Genetic engineering "raises serious ethical questions about the right of human beings to alter life on the planet". Changing the basic physical traits of an organism can lead to an unprecedented threat to life on the planet". With such dire consequences, where do we draw the line? What View Does Science Have on Genetic Engineering? For the first time in history, evolution has taken a backseat to the meddling of humankind with their own genetic makeup. There is an "ongoing realization that humanity is capable of directly shaping its own and other species’ evolution". As we ease into the twenty-first century, we realize that genetic engineering is undoubtedly going to have a dramatic effect on our lives. It seems that "with genetic engineering, science has moved from exploring the natural world and its mechanisms to redesigning it." Now, we must ask ourselves this, will that influence be for better, or for worse? However, even the responses of science differ in this topic. Scientists remain divided in their opinions. Some have warned against the hazards of genetic engineering, while others have dismissed these perils as inconsequential. Two opposing viewpoints, which is right?

Philosophy Exam

PH220 — Ethics and Values Morgan State University Dr. John Hersey Midterm Exam Directions: Your exams must be submitted through SafeAssign on Blackboard. Late submissions will be penalized 10 points (one full letter grade) and I will not accept submissions after one week past the due date, which will result in a 0 for the assignment. Plagiarism merits automatic failure for the course. Put your name, PHIL 220 with section number, Dr. Hersey, semester and year, Midterm Examination on the top left of the first page. Clearly identify section headings, item numbers, and descriptions.Remember the rubric for evaluation of written work from the syllabus. Any references to the text should be indicated simply by the page number in parentheses. Section 1: Explanations Write a 4-5 sentence explanation for 5 of the following. (20 points) The key is to be as thorough, concise, and essential as possible in the short space allotted. Full credit will be given for explanations that not only ide ntify the concept, but also indicate its context and moral significance. 1. Psychological egoism (Ch. 2) 2. Universal ethical egoism (Ch. 2) 3. Greatest happiness principle (Ch. 2) 4.Cost-benefit analysis (Ch. 2) 5. Care ethics (Ch. 2) 6. Intuitionism (Ch. 3) 7. Divine Command Theory (Ch. 3) 8. Good will (Kant, Ch. 3) 9. Practical imperative (Kant, Ch. 3) 10. Prima facie duties (Ross, Ch. 3) 11. Virtue ethics (Ch. 4) 12. Happiness (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 13. Habit (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 14. Virtue as a mean (Aristotle, Ch. 4) 15. Excellence, de (Confucius, Ch. 4) 16. Mengzi on human nature (Confucius, Ch. 4) 17. Moral absolutism (Ch. 5 and Rachels essay) 18. Cultural relativism (Ch. 5 and Rachels essay) 19. Fatalism (Ch. 6) 20. Hard determinism (Ch. 6) 21. Soft determinism (Ch. 6) 22.The Value of Life Principle (Ch. 8) 23. The Principle of Individual Freedom (Ch. 8) Section 2: Essays Write a response in answer to two of the essay questions below. (40 points each) Though quality of considerat ion takes precedence over quantity of pages, 2–3 double-spaced pages for each essay seems to be a good guideline for length. 1. In Ursula K. Le Guin’s short story â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,† Omelas is a utopian city of happiness and delight whose inhabitants are intelligent and cultured. Everything about the city is pleasing except for the secret underlying Omelas’s happiness.Omelas’s good fortune requires that a single child is imprisoned and kept in filth, darkness, and misery. Upon coming of age all of the citizens of Omelas are informed of the city’s dark secret. After learning this secret most citizens remain in the city but some walk away. Many take this short story to be a sharp critique of utilitarian moral philosophy. Evaluate this critique by (1) identifying the objection implied in the story, (2) developing a careful and complete interpretation of the relevant aspects of Mill’s philosophy upon which you might base your evaluation, and (3) arguing for the success or failure of this objection.You may find a copy of the short story on Blackboard. 2. Consider the following scenario. After colliding with an iceberg at sea the luxury liner RMS. Gigantic sinks in the North Atlantic. Four survivors—two adult males, one adult female, all with families safe at home, and a 10-year old boy, who is weak from injuries suffered during the sinking and whose entire family has already perished in the disaster—are adrift on a lifeboat with barely one week’s provisions for all of them.On the seventeenth day adrift, with the survivors desperate for food, someone suggests that since the boy will most likely die anyway and doesn’t have a family to take care of that the three adults should kill him and use his body for nourishment until they are rescued. In a detailed and thoughtful essay, write an answer to the question â€Å"Is it permissible to kill the boy? † from the per spectives of Immanuel Kant (Duty Ethics) and John Stuart Mill (Utilitarianism). Your essay should include a careful and comprehensive consideration of the relevant aspects of their moral theories for addressing the question.Finally, give your own personal moral evaluation of the question and the supporting reasons for your view. 3. Consider the following scenario. Three MSU students, Joy, Faith, and Hope, work at a soup kitchen every Saturday helping the homeless. Joy devotes every Saturday helping the homeless because she loves and enjoys doing it. While there is certainly some personal sacrifice in doing so, she cares so deeply for others and sympathizes with the homeless people’s plight so much that she willingly and consistently serves. Faith also helps every Saturday, but very rarely enjoys it.Some Saturdays she goes begrudgingly and others she must force herself to go. But she does go consistently because she recognizes that there is a universal demand to do good to oth ers that can’t be ignored. Hope is on the fast track to a career in politics and will be running for public office immediately after graduation. She also helps out every Saturday, but works hard only when the local news organizations come around for interviews. In a careful and comprehensive essay analyze each of these person’s actions from the perspective of Kant’s moral philosophy.Which of these person’s actions has moral worth for Kant? Why? Why do some not have moral worth? Are there any problems with such estimation? Do you agree or disagree with Kant’s evaluation of their actions? Explain in detail why or why not and justify your view? 4. Consider the following passage from Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment: â€Å"Look here; on one side we have a stupid, senseless, worthless, spiteful, ailing, horrid old woman, not simply useless, but doing actual mischief, who has not an idea what she is living for herself, and who will die in a day or two in any case. . . On the other side, fresh young lives thrown away for want of help, and by thousands, on every side! A hundred thousand good deeds could be done and helped, on that old woman’s money which will be buried in a monastery! Hundreds, thousands perhaps, might be set on the right path; dozens of families saved from destitution, from ruin, from vice, from the Lock hospitals—and all with her money. Kill her, take the money and with the help of it devote oneself to the service of humanity and the good of all.What do you think, would not one tiny crime be wiped out by thousands of good deeds? For one life thousands would be saved from corruption and decay. One death, and a hundred lives in exchange—it’s simple arithmetic! † (Part I, Chapter 6). Explain the argument given in this passage. Is it a good act utilitarian argument (assuming the facts to be roughly as stated)? How would a rule utilitarian and a Kantian criticize this way of a ct utilitarian reasoning? Which of these two kinds of criticism (if any) do you find more convincing? Explain your reasoning in detail. 5.To what extent do you believe that Jews, Christians, and Muslims use the Divine Command Theory approach rather than egoism or act or rule utilitarianism as a basis for their ethical systems? That is, do you believe that most Jews, Christians, and Muslims follow their religion’s moral rules because they believe that those rules were established by a supernatural being or for other reasons, for example for the promise of reward in the afterlife, out of fear of punishment, for salvation, etc.? Explain your answer in detail. 6. Moral rules can be very useful for governing our lives and guiding our actions.However, problems can arise in the application of such rules to unusual situations. In such cases adherence to rules can result in actions being performed that would be considered immoral. How does Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, with its emphasis on the development of a virtuous character, address the problem of moral rules? Be detailed and very specific in your consideration. To what extent do you think the problem of moral rules plays a role in modern morality? 7. Write a dialogue between two people who advocate different positions on the issue of moral absolutism and moral relativism.Be thorough, thoughtful, and reflective. Style, humor, creativity, and cleverness in your examples are all welcomed, but make sure that the dialogue makes clear that you understand the key concepts concerning relativism and absolutism. 8. Write a dialogue between two people who advocate different positions on the issue of freedom. Be thorough, thoughtful, and reflective. Style, humor, creativity, and cleverness in your examples are all welcomed, but make sure that the dialogue makes clear that you understand the key concepts concerning freedom and determinism. . Do you think that suicide is morally justified? Drawing on some of the ethical t heories from our text, explain why you believe that it is or is not justified. If you believe that it is sometimes justified, then identify and explain the conditions that make it justified. 10. Do you think that capital punishment is morally justified? Drawing on some of the ethical theories from our text, explain why you believe that it is or is not justified. If you believe that it is sometimes justified, then identify and explain the conditions that make it justified.

Joseph Pulitzer essays

Joseph Pulitzer essays Joseph Pulitzer was born on April 10, 1847, in Mako, Hungary. His father was a wealthy grain merchant of Jewish origin. His mother was a devout Roman Catholic of German roots. He had one younger brother, Albert, who trained for the priesthood, but never attained it. Joseph was educated in Budapest, under the training of private tutors and specialized schools. At age 17, Pulitzer attempted to enlist in the Austrian Army, Napoleons Foreign Legion, and the British Army, but was rejected by all three because of his poor eyesight and frail body. In Hamberg, Germany, he encountered a bounty recruiter for the United States army who allowed him to enlist as a substitute for a draftee. He served one year in the Lincoln Calvary during the Civil War. This regiment suited him as it was composed primarily of Germans. Pulitzer still spoke very little English at the time. After his stint as a soldier, Pulitzer traveled to St. Louis, where he worked several odd jobs, including baggage handler, waiter, and muleteer. While working these odd jobs, Pulitzer immersed himself in English and law studies at the Mercantile library. There, he became acquainted with two editors of the leading German-language daily paper, Westliche Post. They offered him a job, and at age 25 he became an editor. Four years later, Pulitzer was the owner of the paper, which after several shrewd business deals became the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. That same year, he married Kate Davis, a prominent Washington socialite. Pulitzer revamped the Post-Dispatch, immersing himself in every detail of the paper. He appealed to popular opinion by printing investigative articles exposing corruption, government scandals, and gambling. Shortly after, he acquired The New York World. As he did with the Post-Dispatch, Pulitzer resuscitated the ailing paper, making it the largest circulating newspaper in the country. Pulitzers tireless effort paid off in n...

Whatever Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework, Free Essays

Whatever Essays - Education Reform, Home, Homework, Free Essays Whatever Overpriced Vehicles for Teenagers New cool cars are too expensive for teenagers to afford. I would like to have a new sports car to drive around but I do not have the money to afford the car. By being in high school I do not have enough time to go and get a job and do the work to make the money to afford the car. There is not enough time in the day for me to go to school then go home, do my homework, and work only about 2 hours after school if I was to have the job. Even if I was to get the car, the insurance on the car would be very expensive because it is a sports car and I am only 17 years old. The prices on new cool cars for teenagers should be lowered because they do not have enough time in the day to do the work to make money and the insurance on the cars are overpriced. There is not enough time in the day for teenagers to work to make the money for the new sports cars. Most teenagers like myself are in school from 8 in the morning until 3:30 in the afternoon. Then I go to football or basketball practice afterward until sometimes 5 or 6 that evening. I then go home and do my homework and after I help clean up around the house. By this time that evening it is already late and close to my bed time so that ill be able to get enough rest and get up to go to school the following day. There is no time in the day for teenagers to get a job and work the hours to make the money to buy the sports car.

We See and Understand Things not as They Are but as We Are Essay

We See and Understand Things not as They Are but as We Are - Essay Example   Descartes believes that knowledge is a conviction based on reason so strong that it cannot be shaken by any stronger reason (Newman, 2005). We all claim to know many things. For instance, we know when we are happy or sad, when we are not well or when we are lonely. We know when we love someone or hate someone. Rarely do we pause to analyze how this knowledge has come about. We take these for granted and we also believe that we know these things. We see and understand things not as they are but as we are. Only when we ask ourselves whether we really know these things do we get down to examining the knowing. This knowing takes place through different means. We see and understand through emotions, perception, and reason. Reasoning has been used by most philosophers to arrive at the truth and is an important way of learning according to the TOK. The reasoning is not through logic; it is not automatic but comes through experience. However, reason does allow analyzing the situation deeply and taking decisions. The reasoning is a collective endeavor by which people construct meaning together by exchanging, modifying and improving their ideas and opinions (IBO, 2006). The reason is present in everyday decision making and problem-solving. When disputes arise, the appropriateness of the reasons for acceptance of the facts is important. The reasoning is the ‘common sense’ way of knowing things and it does not depend upon the limits of sensory observation (Ehman, n.d.). This faculty of ‘common sense’ has been granted only to human beings which means the power of reasoning rests with human beings. The Foolish Friend is the story of a king who groomed his monkey to be his closest aide, the most trustworthy and natural companion (Ashliman, 2002). One day while taking a stroll in the garden, the king asked the money to ensure that nothing disturbed while he took rest. The money kept strict vigilance and very sincerely too.  Ã‚  

What Postmodernism Is Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Postmodernism Is - Essay Example The essay "What Postmodernism Is" concerns postmodernism era. Postmodernism intends to establish that it is not in the power of human beings to change the world for their own benefits. Humans do not possess an unlimited potential to understand the world. Modernists were of the view that it is possible to understand reality with complete certainty by way of observation and reasoning. Modernism ended abruptly when philosophers began to question the ability to understand truth objectively. The postmodernist is suspicious of such realities. They do not have any concrete reason to defy such objective facts. It is only suspicion and virtue of hypocrisy that keeps them from believing in them. Some objective realities are simply inescapable. There cannot be a world in which there is no objective truth. For example, hurting kids under every circumstance is completely wrong. There cannot be any possible world in which such a practice could be considered acceptable. If this objective reality is denied and it is assumed that reality cannot be understood objectively, then it is hypocritical. I think that there are many realities which are perfectly understood by everyone. This is because truth can be described objectively which suggests that truth is completely attainable. A world where truth is not attainable would be a picture of complete chaos. This is why postmodernism is hypocritical. If there is no absolute truth as postmodernists suggest, then everyone would be free to violate moral principles/

Targeted Messaging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Targeted Messaging - Essay Example )Based on this assumption, if we analyze the messages of these two magazines, they are more titled towards women prima facie however; underlying themes or objectives of these messages are based on attracting men and playing with their psychology. Studies indicate that media messages flashed across to the target audience help gender related activities to become prominent. A study based on women indicated that women even learn before their marriage, the overall mechanics of the wedding and how this is going to affect them. (Daws, 2009). This clearly indicates that media plays significant role in shaping the personal identity in relation with the messages portrayed regarding gender roles. My own personal identity, if viewed within the perspective of the advertisements and messages depicted in both the magazines, therefore is largely shaped by the way I am portrayed i.e. as the way how my gender is portrayed within these messages. They tend to reinforce my personal identity because it allows me to view myself as a person with diverse range of abilities with strong appeal to attract my opposite sex. Daws, L. , 2009-11-11 "It’s Just One Day: Engaged Women’s Sense-making of Media Messages about Weddings"Â  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the NCA 95th Annual Convention, Chicago Hilton & Towers, Chicago, IL Online . 2010-07-29 from

Types of surveillance Essay Example for Free

Types of surveillance Essay Surveillance may be physical, which involves watching a particular entity physically, known as visual surveillance; or it may be achieved by listening (this is known as aural surveillance). Surveillance may also be achieved through the use of image amplification devices like field glasses, binoculars, satellite cameras and so on (Bogonikolos). Electronic circuits have been developed to complement physical surveillance, for example, the Closed-Circuit TV, also known as CCTV, VCR, phone bugging, e-databases and proximity cards have been developed to facilitate surveillance. Apart from physical surveillance, other types of surveillance exist, for example communications surveillance exists which include mail covers and phone interception (Bogonikolos). Another type of surveillance is known as data surveillance or Dataveillance which involves the systematic use of personal data systems to monitor actions and communications of people and suspects. It is less expensive than physical and electronic surveillance because of the automation features it has. Dataveillance may be personal or mass. Personal dataveillance occurs where a person has been identified as a suspect or is of particular interest while a large group of people are monitored in mass Dataveillance. This mass dataveillance is done to protect the entire population and to deter people from causing harm to others. Tools and Techniques of Surveillance Dataveillance Techniques are used for checking data to make sure that it conforms to certain standards and specifications. Front-end verification (FEV) is a method of data surveillance that involves checking the information supplied by an applicant with other additional sources of information about that person in order to identify discrepancies (Bogonikolos). When front-end verification is applied to everybody, mass dataveillance is said to have taken place. Mass dataveillance is a continuous process that involves the following: authentication and screening of all transactions, audit of individuals, and the profiling of persons and transactions to identify possible threats of terrorism. Mechanisms that may be used to achieve this include computer data matching, in which personal records are compared and analyzed. These methods may however result in the black listing people that may be innocent. Data surveillance is cost-effective. Physical surveillance is expensive because it requires many resources. Surveillance attempts to track what people do, say and where they go (Bogonikolos). Visual Surveillance Closed-Circuit TV (CCTV) is one of the most common electronic techniques of visual surveillance. CCTVs may be deployed on roads, railway stations, ATMS, petrol stations, lifts, lobbies and areas that are easily prone to attack. Recording may be done in real-time or time-lapse mode. Cameras may also be used and this is extremely portable. Video Surveillance can help to reduce the risk of attack, protect citizens form attack, monitor crime and subsequently gain crucial evidence that may lead to the identification and prosecution of suspects. Cameras may also be deployed in a covert manner so that people are not aware that it exists (Bogonikolos).

Human sexual reproduction

Human sexual reproduction Introduction In human sexual reproduction, the males always produce sperms and the females produce ovum. Generally, the sperms and the ova are what are referred to as the gametes. These gametes contain chromosomes which are coiled threads of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of the cells. A chromosome is that which carries the hereditary information of an individual and constitutes of densely packed coiled up Chromatin. Sperm and Babys Sex The pairing of chromosomes is responsible for the different sexes evident in the human and widely on most of the animal species. Genetically sperms contain X and Y chromosomes while the ovum contains the X chromosomes alone. An individual with both the Y and X chromosome is referred to as the male while an individual with only the chromosome is the female. During normal fertilization a male always contributes one chromosome while the female contributes the other chromosome. Together they will form an individual. If the male contributes a Y chromosome then the resulting sex will be that of a male since the final set will be XY. However, if the male contributes an X chromosome the resulting set will be a XX and hence a female. A female in all the cases produces an X chromosome. This means the sperm is of importance since it will contribute the all important Y chromosome to male the child male. Possible Complicating Factors Although meiosis is a precise mechanism that separates the two sex chromosomes of a diploid cell into a single chromosome of haploid gamete cells, errors sometimes do take place. Nondisjuction is one of the commonest errors. Nondisjuction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during one of the stages of meiosis. This Nondisjuction error can produce gametes that contain either two sex chromosomes or no sex chromosome. Lack of sex chromosomes or having two sex chromosomes is a direct contrast to the normal condition of one sex chromosome. When either of these gametes joins with a normal gamete during fertilization, its result is a person with an abnormal count of sex chromosomes. This leads to a number of disorders. Most common disorders are turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. Victims of turner syndrome are female in appearance but their female genital organs do not develop at puberty. They are also sterile. The turner syndrome is abbreviated as 45X or 45X0, where 0 denotes the absence of second sex chromosomes. People with Klinefelter syndrome are male in appearance and they too, are unable to sire children. Klinefelter is abbreviated as 47XXY. All babies must have x chromosomes for it contains a number of genes that are vital for normal human development. Other disorders, though not very common, which are as a result of nondisjunction are; the Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, Patau syndrome, triple x syndrome and XYY syndrome. Triple X syndrome is as a result of an extra x chromosome in female where as the XYY syndrome is as a result of an extra y chromosome in male. Victims of Edward syndrome usually experience abnormal development of body organs such as kidneys, intestines and the heart . Conclusion An X chromosome is absolutely essential for survival. Sex seems to be determined by the presence or absence of a y chromosome and not by the number of X. chromosomes. An example is the evidence of reported cases of people who have genotypes 48XXXY and 49XXXXY and are male in appearance. The Y chromosome contains a gene that switches on the male pattern of growth during embryological development. If this gene is absent, the embryo follows a female pattern of growth. Reference Komisaruk, B. R. (1986). Reproduction: Behavioral and Neuroendoctrine Behavior. New York Academy of Sciences, Papalia, D. E., Olds, S. W and Feldman, R. D. (2001). Human Development (8th Ed). McGraw-Hill Education